Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks

Annual Review of Sociology

Vol. 27:415-444 (Volume publication date August 2001)
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415

Miller McPherson 1 , Lynn Smith-Lovin 1 , and James M Cook 2

1Department of Sociology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721; e-mail: mcpherson@u.arizona.edu ;smithlov@u.arizona.edu

2Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708; e-mail: jcook@soc.duke.edu

Abstract

Similarity breeds connection. This principle—the homophily principle—structures network ties of every type, including marriage, friendship, work, advice, support, information transfer, exchange, comembership, and other types of relationship. The result is that people's personal networks are homogeneous with regard to many sociodemographic, behavioral, and intrapersonal characteristics. Homophily limits people's social worlds in a way that has powerful implications for the information they receive, the attitudes they form, and the interactions they experience. Homophily in race and ethnicity creates the strongest divides in our personal environments, with age, religion, education, occupation, and gender following in roughly that order. Geographic propinquity, families, organizations, and isomorphic positions in social systems all create contexts in which homophilous relations form. Ties between nonsimilar individuals also dissolve at a higher rate, which sets the stage for the formation of niches (localized positions) within social space. We argue for more research on: (a) the basic ecological processes that link organizations, associations, cultural communities, social movements, and many other social forms; (b) the impact of multiplex ties on the patterns of homophily; and (c) the dynamics of network change over time through which networks and other social entities co-evolve.

human ecology ; voluntary associations ; organizations .

출처 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415